Just to make sure, are you disagreeing or agreeing with the author that the use or lack of commas around "John" gives us information about the amount of friends the speaker has? I'm a professional editor/proofreader, so these erroneous articles really tick me off. (I just have one sister, so her name can be omitted -My sister likes cookies- and you'd still know it's Betty I'm referring to because she's my only sister.) (I have more than one sister, so I need Betty's name included so you know which one I'm referring to.) ( I only have one mother so her name can be left out and you'd know who I mean.) This makes more sense with family members of course: Basically, if I said, "My friend is a good painter," you'd know I mean John since he's the only friend I have.) (Commas imply I only have ONE friend so his name is non-essential and could be left out. (No commas imply I have more than one friend so I need John's name as essential information that he is the friend I am referring to.) Any of our writing style guides, Chicago Manual of Style, AP, AMA, etc, will discredit what she's written. The commas are providing information and are not there just for emphasis as the author claims - at least this is true in American and British English writing. This article is incorrect and should NOT be used as reference. Write us any queries in the comment section below.
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^ " Steve Winwood – Roll with It" (in Dutch).^ "Tipparade-lijst van week 29, 1988" (in Dutch).^ " Steve Winwood – Roll with It" (in German).^ "Image: RPM Weekly - Library and Archives Canada".The Billboard Book of #1 Adult Contemporary Hits (Billboard Publications), page 336. The Billboard Book of #1 Hits, 5th Edition (Billboard Publications), page 705. Steve Winwood – lead vocals and backing vocals, piano, Hammond organ, Fairlight CMI, bass and drums."Roll With It" (Steve Testifies Dub) - 6:44.Track 1 remixed by Bruce Forest and Frank Heller.The music video, directed by David Fincher and filmed in sepia-tone, depicts Winwood performing the song in a bar.ġ2" and CD Single: Virgin / VST 1085, VSCD 1085 United Kingdom The album Roll with It was also nominated as Album of the Year. "Roll with It" was nominated for two Grammy Awards in 1989, Record of the Year and Best Male Pop Vocal performance. In the United Kingdom, the song reached No. 1 on the Billboard mainstream rock chart. It topped the Billboard adult contemporary chart for two weeks, and also spent four weeks at No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart in the summer of 1988. The 1990 movie Nuns on the Run also made use of the song. The song was the last #1 hit of Casey Kasem's 18-year run as the original host of American Top 40 (he would return to host the program 10 years later), as well as being the first #1 song of Shadoe Stevens' hosting tenure. Publishing rights organization BMI later had Motown songwriters Holland-Dozier-Holland credited with co-writing the song due to its resemblance to the Junior Walker hit " (I'm a) Roadrunner". It was written by Winwood and songwriter Will Jennings. " Roll with It" is a song recorded by Steve Winwood for his album of the same name, released on Virgin Records. How to prune When learning how to prune your Spineless butcher's-broom, factors like growth stage, climate, and the current season will give you clues about your plant's pruning needs. However, if you keep your Spineless butcher's-broom outdoors or allow it to grow freely, you may need a tree pruner to reach higher leaves. Tools Sharp scissors or a pair of hand pruners work great when pruning your Spineless butcher's-broom. Once you have an idea of how you want it to look, it’s time to get ready to prune. Having a goal in mind will help you choose what pruning method and tools to use. Try to visualize the basic shape and style of how you want your plant to look. If the number of leaves with spots is relatively large, the number of pruned leaves should not exceed a quarter of the total to avoid affecting the growth of Spineless butcher's-broom.īefore getting started, it’s best to have a plan. When Spineless butcher's-broom is growing, if there are yellowing leaves and diseased leaves, prune off the yellowing leaves at the bottom and the parts of the leaves that have spots due to disease infection, which can effectively reduce the infection. If the shape is appropriate and only small-scale shaping is needed (pruning no more than 1/4 of the total size of the plant), it can be done in summer or autumn. If you want to control the size of Spineless butcher's-broom, you need to do a strong pruning in winter time, and you can prune to the shape you want. Spineless butcher's-broom is mainly used for leaf viewing, flowers have no ornamental value and will consume nutrients, you can prune the flowers when the plant is in bloom and concentrate the nutrients for the growth of the leaves. Once your plant matures, you can follow normal pruning methods. The good news is that these plants have a medium growth rate which means they cycle through growth stages fairly quickly. If the number of leaves with spots is relatively large, the number of pruned leaves should not exceed a quarter of the total to avoid affecting the growth of Spineless butcher's-broom. In other words, if your Spineless butcher's-broom starts to look uneven or damaged, it may be a good time to prune. Although these perennials are relatively fast-growing, you only need to prune when you spot unsightly overgrowth or damaged leaves. Luckily, Spineless butcher's-broom is generally considered to be among the easier and more forgiving plants to prune since regrowth appears quite quickly. Wild edible plants have a high direct-use value using them in dishes containing mixed vegetables, in soup preparation, as natural additives in fermented natural products containing cheese or fish, in water infusions (natural drinks).Ī549 T24 antiproliferative apoptose cancer cells phenolic profile wild edible plants.A lot of new gardeners shy away from pruning the Spineless butcher's-broom because they’re afraid to cut too much. The current trend for natural and healthy diet, such as the Mediterranean diet, is in relation to the rapidly growing problem of chronic diseases in a modern society. They are rich source of various natural bioactive compounds which express different biological activities (antioxidative, antiproliferative, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory…). PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Wild edible plants, such as wild asparagus, black bryony, and butcher's broom represent important aspect of the Mediterranean diet. acutifolius aqueous extract and its effect was similar against A549 and T24 cells. The highest pro-apoptotic effect was achieved by A. The highest antiproliferative activity against both cancer cell lines was detected by T. Pro-apoptotic activity of selected plant extracts against T24 and A549 cells was analyzed by flow cytometry at the concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/ml. Antiproliferative activity of the extracts at the concentration range from 0.5 to 4 mg/ml was measured by MTT test, after the incubation period of 4, 24, 48, or 72 hr. The aim of this study was to determine the phenolic profile, antiproliferative, and pro-apoptotic activities of Asparagus acutifolius, Tamus communis, and Ruscus aculeatus aqueous extracts against human bladder (T24) and lung cancer (A549) cell lines. FN examination showed left peripheral facial palsy (House-Brackmann grade IV) in one affected ear. The Caroli test indicated mild vestibular weakness in two ears. Auditory brainstem responses revealed that all of the affected ears presented a variable degree of SNHL, ranging from moderate to profound ( 27). The two other cases were referred to our hospital for microtia and external auditory canal (EAC) atresia, and one of them had left facial palsy since birth. Ipsilateral hearing impairment since childhood was the main clinical presentation (n = 10) two of these patients also had tinnitus or vertigo. The age of the DIAC patients ranged from 4 months to 80 years (4 males and 8 females) ( Table 1). Among these patients, patient 11 had been previously reported ( 24). Among these, 12 patients (13 ears) were diagnosed with DIACs according to the following morphological criteria, based on HRCT images: 1) the IAC was divided into 2 or 3 canals by a complete or incomplete bony septum 2) the duplicated canals were connected to the FN canal or the vestibule and the cochlea. The ear HRCT images of 64813 SNHL patients diagnosed from August 2009 to November 2017 were retrieved from a picture archiving and communication system in our institution by an experienced otoradiologist. The purpose of this study was to summarize the imaging features of these ears on high-resolution CT (HRCT) and HRMRI. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed the imaging data of 12 DIAC patients (13 ears) admitted to our institution over the past 8 years. A preoperative understanding of the accompanying temporal bone anomalies, such as outer, middle, and inner ear malformation and facial nerve (FN) canal migration, is considerably useful for otologists to be able to design appropriate operative approaches for DIAC patients who are suitable for ECI ( 26). Hence, preoperative accurate diagnosis of DIAC through computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is necessary to facilitate selection of the appropriate treatment. In comparison, in DIAC, these nerves usually appear aplastic thus, most of the patients do not achieve marked benefits from ECI ( 20, 24). Vestibulocochlear nerves (VCNs) or cochlear nerves (CNs) in stenotic IACs are usually dysplastic as such, most of the patients can undergo and benefit from electronic cochlear implantation (ECI) ( 21, 25). DIAC is frequently misdiagnosed as IAC stenosis in clinical practice because of lack of knowledge about its imaging features ( 9, 13, 21). A duplicated internal auditory canal (DIAC) is a rare subtype of internal auditory canal (IAC) anomalies and is usually associated with ipsilateral congenital sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Annals of Mathematical Statistics 22(1):79–86, March 1951. It should be noted that Kullback and Leibler themselves actually defined the divergence as: In quantum information science it is used as a measure of entanglement in a state. In Bayesian experimental design a design which is optimised to maximise the KL divergence between the prior and the posterior is said to be Bayes d-optimal. The KL divergence is also the gain in Shannon information involved in going from the prior to the posterior. In Bayesian statistics the KL divergence can be used as a measure of the "distance" between the prior distribution and the posterior distribution. In coding theory, the KL divergence can be interpreted as the needed extra message-length per datum for sending messages distributed as q, if the messages are encoded using a code that is optimal for distribution p. As the cross-entropy is always greater than or equal to the entropy, this shows that the Kullback-Leibler divergence is nonnegative, and furthermore KL( p, q) is zero iff p = q, a result known as Gibbs' inequality. KL( p, q) = − ∑ x p( x)log 2 q( x) + ∑ x p( x)log 2 p( x) = H( p, q) − H( p)ĭenoting by H( p, q) the cross entropy of p and q, and by H( p) the entropy of p. 2 3 A simple interpretation of the KL divergence of P from Q is the ex. The logarithms in these formulae are conventionally taken to base 2, so that the quantity can be interpreted in units of bits the other important properties of the KL divergence hold irrespective of log base. In mathematical statistics, the KullbackLeibler divergence (also called relative entropy and I-divergence 1 ), denoted, is a type of statistical distance: a measure of how one probability distribution P is different from a second, reference probability distribution Q. $$\mathrm \ dx \!$$įor distributions of a continuous random variable. The Kullback-Leibler divergence between two probability distributions p and q is defined as One might be tempted to call it a " distance metric", but this would also be a misnomer as the Kullback-Leibler divergence is not symmetric and does not satisfy the triangle inequality. The term "divergence" is a misnomer it is not the same as divergence in calculus. It is proposed by Kullback and Leibler 58. It is named after Solomon Kullback and Richard Leibler. Relative entropy (KullbackLeibler divergence) is a basic conception in probability theory and information theory. That is, the relative entropy is jointly semicontinuous.In probability theory and information theory, the Kullback-Leibler divergence, or relative entropy, is a quantity which measures the difference between two probability distributions. Since the right hand side is the supremum of continuous functions in both $\mu$ and $\omega$ we can deduce that if $\mu_n \rightharpoonup \mu$ and $\omega_n \rightharpoonup \omega$ then This is reflected by non-finite quantum relative entropy for orthogonal quantum states. The KL divergence, which is closely related to relative entropy, informa-tion divergence, and information for discrimination, is a non-symmetric mea-sure of the dierence between two probability distributions p(x) and q(x). Being orthogonal represents the most different quantum states can be. The resulting method differs signif- icantly from previous policy gradient. Let $M$ be a closed manifold and $\mathcal. Informally, the quantum relative entropy is a measure of our ability to distinguish two quantum states where larger values indicate states that are more different. path of reasoning and suggest the Relative Entropy Policy. Following is the definition we will use in this question. There are several different definitions of relative entropy, and some of them are not equivalent. Post-2010, the Y2K fashion style was revived in a blend of cargo pants, chunky boots, and functional jackets in the playful and colorful aesthetic of the 90s Y2K era. The Y2K fashion style, born out of the cultural and technological shifts of the late 1990s and early 2000s, has evolved through the decades.Īs society grappled with the mixed excitement and apprehension that the millennium brought, these sentiments were reflected in the aesthetics and dressing styles of the time. shows like the MTV Music Awards championed the Y2K fashion look to a global audience.īut, as the year 2000 approached, the Y2K fashion style started to reflect the growing fear of a ‘total computer takeover’ (see the Y2K computer bug) by gradually embracing a post-apocalyptic look of cargo pants and functional jackets in darker colors. Simultaneously, influential celebrities like Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, the Spice Girls, and T.V. Y2K style on the runway – from left to right: Dior Fall 1999, Givenchy Fall 1999, and Balmain Spring 2000. Initially, the constant technological advances inspired fashion designers, sparking a collective drive to encapsulate the spirit of the future in their creations.Ī profusion of synthetic materials, holographic prints, and futuristic silhouettes hinting at the technological dawn of 2000 flooded the decade’s runways. The Y2K fashion emerged in the latter part of the 1990s, during the build-up to the new millennium.Īnticipation, anxiety, and the world’s fascination with the impending computer age shaped the period’s cultural landscape and impacted the fashion industry, giving rise to the Y2K dressing style. |
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